Ali M. Ansaris Confronting Iran essays

Ali M. Ansaris Confronting Iran essays Ali M. Ansaris book Confronting Iran (2006) is especially timely given the current discussion of Iran and its future and concerns about what the U.S. may do to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon and becoming a much greater threat. Of course, also in the news is the recent National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) stating that Iran is not the immediate threat President Bush has been implying it is and that Iran ended its nuclear program several years ago. None of this means that Iran is not a threat or that a confrontation with Iran would not be the sort of devastating action critics believe it might be. Ansari considers the nature of Western diplomacy in the region primarily form 1953 to the present and suggests a number of reasons for the failure he discusses. For the first two decades or so, relations were good enough because the country was under the rule of the Shah, rule that was largely imposed by the West. This rule also created great resentment among the population and would contribute to the angry reaction once the Shah was deposed. The taking of the American hostages at the embassy in Tehran was one of the consequences of the failure of diplomacy in the first period, while the subsequent history has been largely more failure to make any inroads into the country, usually based on an American refusal to speak to Iran for one reason or another, as if not talking at all would produce the best outcome, which clearly it has not. American involvement with Iran actually extends back into the nineteenth century, and as Ansari notes, the failure to recognize the nature of the society in that region and to find a way to accommodate it and communicate with its leaders began at the same time and has continued ever since. Essentially, a pattern was set with the first relationships, as Ansari notes when he writes, These formative experiences were crucial in shaping Iranian attitudes to the West. It was increasi...

Illegal Immigration Essay Example

Illegal Immigration Essay Example Illegal Immigration Essay Illegal Immigration Essay The Statue of Liberty, a symbol of freedom to many, is engraved with the famous poem, â€Å"New Colossus†, by Emma Lazarus. It reads, â€Å"†¦ give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to be free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! † Our country embraces diversity, yet one of the most controversial and debated topics in the United States is immigration. The founders of the United States were immigrants themselves, heroes that believed in equality and acceptance for all people. Immigration has and will always be a vital part of our nation’s diversity, economic stability, and rich culture. Although, in a post 9-11 world, should security trump diversity? Should we have to choose between being safe and being amiable? Currently we have one of the most relaxed systems of legal immigration in the world, letting in more immigrants than most other countries (Bowman). Much of our expansive border is unguarded, leaving us vulnerable to attack. Its opponents present illegal immigration as a grave danger to the American way of life, while its supporters tout it as an opportunity for cultural diversity. The first modern immigration law, the Immigration Reform and Control Act, was passed in 1986. IRCA made it illegal to knowingly hire, or recruit, undocumented immigrants (immigrants who do not possess lawful work authorization)(Pawlick). It also required employers to attest to their employees immigration status, and granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided here for a long period (Pawlick). Year after year millions of illegal immigrants penetrate U. S. borders and settle in the larger cities seeking opportunities of employment. Many do not pay taxes on their low wages, contributing little to the benefits they enjoy, such as Welfare, schools, and hospitals (Bowman). Throughout 19th century, when the first waves of immigrants came to the United States, many Americans disliked the fact that the new inhabitants took local jobs at extremely low wages. Since then Americans have been promoting limits on legal immigration (Bowman). The government issued new quotas (in 1882, 1921, and 1924), which restrict the ratio of immigrants to citizens. Since the last quota in 1924, there have been many reform attempts at the immigration policy. Current estimates show that approximately 12 million illegal immigrants currently reside within the United States, with an additional 1 million arriving each year (Pawlick). Recently, due to a surge in violence along the border, Congress authorized the deployment of over 6,000 National Guard troops along the Mexico-U. S. border. They were sent to assist in the fortification of the border and in the capture and arrest of illegal immigrants (Update: U. S. -Mexico). Within several months of deployment, the number of arrests made by the U. S. border patrol dropped by about 30%. Since its proposal in 2004, president Bush has supported his â€Å"guest worker† program, which would allow a special status for temporary amnesty, while working in the U. S. , but requiring them to return home after a period of time (Update: U. S. -Mexico). Congress finally accepted Bush’s idea as a provision in the Senate’s 2007 immigration bill, the Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act (S 1348), which passed. It provides border security funding and includes a guest worker program which allowed illegal immigrants that had been in the U. S. etween 2 and 5 years would be given the opportunity to get â€Å"guest worker† status and those who had been here for longer than 5 years got eligibility for citizenship, after a long waiting period (up to 11 years) (Update: U. S. -Mexico). The clashes within the federal government are halting the security of our country. We must decide, unilaterally, on the best way to solve the issues surrounding illegal i mmigration. Immigration is necessary for a country’s diversity and economy. The new people provide an infusion of cultural understanding, bolster the labor force, and help create the unique land of the United States of America. The United States is a major attraction for those seeking employment. We have a myriad of available jobs, especially in the services and agricultural sectors and it is widely accepted that immigrants play an important role in those economic sectors especially (Update: Immigration). Approximately 12 million immigrants enter the United States illegally with an estimated 1 million more each year, many of them looking for such opportunities (Pawlick). These 12 million live in oppression, fearing daily of being deported. They cannot get those well paying, legitimate jobs and are forced to work for next-to-nothing, some even turning to crime. A simple solution would be to grant amnesty to all of these people, allowing them to stay in our country, and work within our system instead of against it. In documenting these people, we also help the fight against terrorism and crime by eliminating the need for illegal immigrants to obtain falsified identification. They can be properly processed and legalized and more of the federal and local government’s resources can be spent on catching actual criminals. The recent bolstering of the U. S. -Mexico border is seen as ineffective and unwarranted. Although strict detaining and deporting immigrants may be effective in the short-term, it does not resolve the issue completely. The push-pull factor (the poverty and politics pushes them out of their homelands while prosperity and promised freedom pulls them to the U. S. ) is so great that immigrants will attempt to overcome any obstacle. Controlling illegal immigration through border enforcement alone will never be enough to eliminate illegal border crossing, so long as there are vacant American jobs to fill. If we allow more immigrants to enter legally, and without prejudice, then it would be apparent that those crossing the border illegally are most likely up to no good. There is no doubt that immigration is vital to the United States. Immigrants provide a well-balanced labor force, enrich our country with culture, and diversify our population. It seems that anyone would want an abundance of immigrants, but we don’t we look at all the bad things that seem to come with immigration, poverty, crime, and economic strain. Today, an even more serious threat is presented with lax immigration policy, terrorism. In allowing immigrants to cross our borders unchecked, we run the risk of letting terrorists in to our country. Some say that we must secure the borders, cut down on legal immigration, and abolish illegal immigration completely, that we must do whatever it takes to stop terrorists from entering the country (Update: Immigration). Others say that we should allow a more open policy, help the poverty-stricken people that seek our land of opportunity, while still policing the immigrants for potential threats. Personally, I feel very ambivalent over immigration reform, contrary to my previous belief of closing the borders. The allure of the United States of America and its liberty is so great that people will risk their lives to expirience it. My ancestors came here in the early 20th century, seeking economic prosperity and political freedom, most of today’s immigrants are doing the same. Should we deny the freedom for defense, and would we deny our own rights for a promise of security? Bowman, Jeffrey. â€Å"Counterpoint End Illegal Immigration Now. † Points of View: Immigration Restrictions. 2007. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCOhost. CHS LMC. 14 March 2008 . â€Å"A Closer Look at the U. S. ’s Stance on Legal Immigration. Issues and Controversies On File 23 March 2007. Issues and Controversies. Facts On File News Services. CHS LMC. 11 March 2008 . Pawlick, Peter. â€Å"Point: Amnesty is a Practical and Just Solution. † Points of View : Immigration Restrictions. 2007. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCOhost. CHS LMC. 14 March 2008 . â€Å"Update: Immigration. à ¢â‚¬  Issues and Controversies On File. 3 March 2007. Issues and Controversies. Facts on File News Services. CHS LMC. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"Update: U. S. -Mexico Border Enforcement. † 3 March 2007. Issues and Controversies . Facts On File News Services. CHS LMC. 11 March 2008.

Poverty Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poverty - Coursework Example Impacts of Poverty on Individuals Poverty has significantly impacted the lives and properties of individuals in developing countries like Africa. Poverty in Africa has led to the increase of child labor since most children lack basic commodities in their homes. They resort to child labor because a majority of them are actually the breadwinners in their families as the parents are incapable of providing for them or their siblings. Child labor has no moral dignity because children who are underage are employed by employers who exploit and abuse them because of their lack of knowledge and inability to find other venues to earn a living (Blackden & Wodon, 2006, p.137). Poverty in Africa has also led to unemployment of individuals leading to a decline in the living standards. Lack of jobs within most of African countries has witnessed sufferings of many families as they are forced to work for minimal wages which are below the standard living. Lack of unemployment affects the lives of indi viduals as they resort to vices and criminal activities like robbery, prostitution, drug smuggling and human trafficking to earn a living and take care of themselves and their families (Brinkerhoff, 2008, p. 17). Unemployment in Africa has earned the title of the most unsafe place in the world, and also the title of the continent with the highest number of human trafficking. Human trafficking occurs to willing and unwilling girls since most are poor, jobless single mothers who are promised well paying jobs abroad only to find out the harsh realities of the said jobs. Unfortunately, because of poverty many people are aware of human trafficking but still risk the lives by gambling that they could miss a rare opportunity. Poverty in Africa is also associated with various plagues like substance and alcohol abuse, lack of water, food and social amenities like hospitals, school and infrastructure causing a rise in diseases and security among others. Poverty is escalates depression and str ess levels; thus, most poor individuals seek solace in alcohol consumption or substance abuse to forget about their worries or relieve the stress. The effects of alcohol on an individual can not be underestimated because it gives an individual a false judgment of situation or a position. The end results are increase in accidents and crime within the society, and the country as a whole. Substance abuse is also harmful to individuals as it destroys their health leading to deaths and disabilities among the addicts. Alcohol and substance abuse also leads to lack of responsibility of parents who in turn do not provide food, shelter, clothing, medication and education to their families. Water and food related diseases are common with the poor because they are not in a position to lead healthy life styles. In most cases, the poor are associated to diseases caused by lack of nutrients in the body like malnutrition. These diseases when not treated lead to deaths of citizens living in differe nt parts of the countries found in Africa (Jamison, 2006, p. 339). Poverty in Africa has also led to the migration of individuals into different countries. Lack of unemployment, which is associated to poverty, has caused many individuals living in Africa to flee from their counties with the intent of seeking employment in their asylum countries (Crush & Frayne, 2010, p. 54). Migration in Africa

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example Such professionals prevent embezzlement of funds and ensure that the business operate effectively to meet its goals. At the same time, it is advantageous to have proper power legislation systems such as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The board acts as an oversight commission that manages the activities of any firm. Even though such mechanism can be adopted in the system, there is no 100 percent assurance that the system will be effective. This is based on loopholes and cartels that operate in the corporate society. With the increase in the number of corruption cases in the prosecution system, it is hard to apprehend all aggressive violators of white collar-crimes. Constitutional protections apply to different persons charged with crimes. However, this statement does not imply that a person guilty of business crimes should be given a lighter sentences than those found in burglary cases. This is based on the fact that evaluations of the accused are done prior to the sentencing. In addition, most common law criminal penalties were created in order to exercise fair trial in a court of law. Therefore, individuals should be convicted in regard to the magnitude of their judicial cases (Twomey & Jennings,

STOCK EVALUATION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STOCK EVALUATION - Assignment Example The company’s stocks are traded at New York Stock Exchange and it also forms one of the companies in Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the S&P 500. The company’s total revenue for the year 2011 was over USD 67.41 billon with a net operating income and net income of USD 12.75 billion and USD 11 billion respectively. Its total asset and equity for the year 2011 was USD 189 billion and USD 81.19 billion respectively. Between the year 2000 and 2011, the company has regularly paid dividends to its shareholders, quarterly, with Average dividend of 0.19, Maximum dividend of 0.32, and Minimum dividend of 0.09. Economic Analysis The State of Overall Economy The economic analysis of a business comprises of analyzing not only the fundamentals of the business, but the overall Macro-economic as well as Micro-economic factors. It is also known as the top down approach because a stock analyst observes the macro and micro economic variable like, GDP, inflation rate, Repo rates, Interes t rates, consumer spending, various indices, political and economic stability, government policies, competitors, industry performance, etc. to judge the overall state of business, by analyzing first the Macro factors and then the micro factors – industry and competitors and then the company. ... It has direct impact on the consumer borrowing and lending. So, the lower rates encourages more borrowing and consequently creating more jobs and leading to economic growth. Consumer spending – It depends on the fiscal budget prepared by the government every year. The budget allocated to each sector of economy determines the retail prices, which is higher than wholesale prices. Thus, consumers will be encouraged to spend more when retail prices for the goods and services are lower. Higher spending will create more demand and more jobs that will expand the growth of economy and increase the GDP. Inflation – It is condition when the overall prices goods and services increases due to various reasons including demand-supply mismatch, increased government spending, etc. High inflation rates reduce the real value of money and hence low inflation rates are favorable for economic prosperity. Industry Analysis Nature of Industry The nature of the pharmaceutical industry is that this industry develops or produces and markets generic or branded drugs with the license for the use in various medicines. The most important part of this industry is the Drug License Authority that clears drug licenses of the companies belonging to the industry and the drug patenting. The regulations regarding testing, efficiency, patents, marketing of drugs is guided by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Major Competitors Some of the major players in the industry are GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Abbott Laboratories, and Eli Lilly. According to a study conducted in 2008, Pfizer topped the list of pharmaceutical companies all over the world and emerged as the market leader. It was followed by Novartis from Switzerland and

Co-branding: challenges and opportunities in international marketing

Co-branding: challenges and opportunities in international marketing Strategic alliances Created by engaging companies and brands in co-branding is gaining popularity across different industry. Disneys alliances with Mattel, McDonalds and Burger King are prime examples of such co-branding ventures. Co-branding is the strategy of presenting two or more independent brands jointly on the same product or services. (Erevelles et al., 2007) In co-branding-also called dual branding or brand bundling- two or more well known brands are combined into a joint product or marketed together in some fashion. (Kotler keller, 2009) Co-branding as â€Å"a form of cooperation between two or more brands with significant customer recognition, in which all the participants brand names are retained† (Blackett and Boad, 2002) Co-Branding It is a win-win situation where both parties indulged in this process and it is helpful for them to increase the value a brand hold. Sometimes in worse scenarios, it might can harm one among them which is usually the stronger brand effected by the other brand. This makes selecting the partner brand the most important factor which fits with the companys value, image and product. The presentation speaks about the major objectives to why to go under co-branding and their shared values as to how they are created and relate to other brands. Internationally the co-branding can provide physical product integration or complimentary usage and image. Co-branding is been practiced in almost every kind of big and small industry. Be it FMCG industry, Travel Industry, Fashion Industry e.g. The outputs from co-branding are usually more than perceived or expected. â€Å"Because brand names are valuable assets, they may be combined with other brand names to form a synergistic alliance in which the sum is greater than the parts† (Washburn.J.H; Till.B.D; Priluck.Randi, 2000). Grabbing the opportunity is the second most important aspect. To be at the right place at the right gives you an edge over others. The presentation reveals Joint Ventures as a co-branding which conflicts the mind. Another conflict among the presentation was to name celebrity endorsement as co-branding. Celebrities are brands in themselves or not. There are debates going on at global stage that is it a part of co-branding, acquisition and celebrity endorsement actually. It is a widely used business strategy in industries like food and drinks, retailing, air travel and financial services, with the number of firms using it growing by forty percent/year (Blackett and Boad, 1999). Co-branding can be defined as several brands collaborating in technology development, marketing, or production while keeping their independence as separate business entities (Stewart, 1995. Marketing News 29(4), 5). Co-branding is increasingly becoming a popular strategy in the hospitality industry. In general, co-branding cards can be an effective marketing tool that helps family restaurants to build both behavioral and attitudinal custome r loyalty. Co-Branding Internationally Globalization has accelerated, so has the choice of brands, both foreign and domestic (Hsieh, 2002). A brand has been defined as: â€Å"an identifiable product, service, person or place augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant unique values which match their needs most closely† (de Chernatony, 1998, 3). The associated incremental value added to the product by virtue of its brand has been referred to as its brand equity (Aaker, 1991; Keller, 1993). In todays competitive battleground, the concept of brand equity has proved to be an important source of strategic insight for marketers (Moore, Wilkie and Lutz, 2002, 17). City Branding: City branding is a rapidly growing concept. This practice is adopted by many cities build up urban competition for mobile resources, markets, opportunities and attention across the globe. Crucial strategy within city branding is the creation of the citys identity, which should be developed from a range of contextual variables such as history, demography, economy, politics and policies. A city usually has certain identifiable images or core values perceived by its people. For example, Paris is perceived for romance, Milan for style, New York for diversity and dynamics, Washington for power, and Tokyo for modernity. (L. Zhang, S.X. Zhao / Cities 26 (2009)). Branding Beijing, the capital of China for the Olympics 2008. Branding London, the capital of United Kingdom for the Olympics 2012. Many of the large and small companies will be officially involved in many of the activities. Like McDonalds is been named as the official restaurant for the Olympics 2012 in London. Around 7,000 direct contracts are expected to generate huge profits and around 75,000 opportunities. Co-Branding across the culture: Culture also has a great influence on buying behaviors. Co-branding is a popular technique used in domestic markets to transfer the positive associations of the associate brands to a newly formed co-brand (Linda C. Ueltsch, 200) Every culture has their own effects. Taking an example of Pakistan and India, they share similar culture across the border. And a company like Pepsi came up with an ad featuring celebrities from both sides. And launching the advertisement in both countries. Examples: In the photocopy market, many products sold by, say, Canon are actually made by Ricoh. In the car industry, although BMW own the rover company, at the product level Rover cars show no BMW logo or connection. Mercedes and Swatch launched innovative car named â€Å"Smart† as a result of joint venture. Mercedes is unlikely to put its trademark on the smart! Because of the threat. In the Tea market, Nestle and coca Cola launched a product â€Å"Nestea† against Unilevers range. Nestle create the product while, and Coca Cola market and distributed it. Research has shown that customer evaluations of co-brands are affected by the degree to which the skills and resources of the parent brands are perceived to fit with or generalize to the new co-brand (Klink and Smith, 2001). The theoretical foundations in the cognitive psychology literature suggest that similarity between a brand and an extension or alliance facilitates the transfer of knowledge, attitude and purchase intention (Martin and Stewart, 2001). Even a well phrased co-branding agreement cannot promise success of an poorly picturized co-branding strategy. Co-branding is not always a practical option for all products or services. co-branding done without proper research and planning may cause more damage. Thats why co-branding strategy must be carefully thought out and is usually successful when symbiotic or synergistic brands and goods are combined through an effective marketing plan. The international marketing of mobile services: Mobile Marketing The presentation highlights the rapidly shifting trends of technology. And gaining popularity among the new generation. The shift from physical to internet and recently from computers to mobile. Mobile data services are the convergence of mobile communication technologies providing data services. Explaining and elaborating various categories of mobile data services available to the public. The demand for mobile devices equipment such as cell phones, PDAs, and digital music players that are typically used on an anytime, anywhere basis without being connected by wires and services that use these mobile devices (mobile services) is growing rapidly worldwide. (Shankar, V. Balasubramanian, S. (2009)). What is Mobile Marketing? The mobile channel is a multi-faceted interactive network for delivering individual communication, personalization, information and entertainment products and services. (Manis, 2005; Becker 2005; Bragge et al. 2005; Dickinger et al. 2004; Nysveen et al. 2005). A set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network (Mobile Marketing Association, 2009). Mobile Data Services integrate handheld and internet technologies to create new value prepositions (Keen and Mackenzie, 2001, quoted from Gilbert, 2003). According to Informa Telecoms Media, a research conducted in April 2006, there were 215 million mobiles subscribers in 1997. There are around 2 billion mobile users in 2005. And this count is expected to reach 3 billion in 2010. The emergence of mobile commerce The number of mobile phone users worldwide has increased rapidly over the last five years; from an estimated 1.87 billion in 2004 to 2.5 billion in September 2006 (InfoSync World, 2004; Usability News, 2006). In Japan, already seven out of 10 people have cell-phone accounts, and in countries such as Italy, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, the market penetration of mobile phones has already exceeded 100% (Sultan and Rohm, 2005). Undoubtedly the mobile phone has been one of the fastest adopted consumer products of all time (Kalakota and Robinson, 2002; Scornavacca et al., 2006). In addition, according to Forrester Research (2005), some 90 per cent of all phones in use will be mobile Internet-capable this year. The proliferation of Internet-enabled mobile devices has created an extraordinary opportunity for e-commerce to leverage the benefits of mobility (Barnes and Huff, 2003; Clarke, 2001; Durlacher Research, 2002). The conduit for this is mobile e-commerce, commonly known as m- commerce, which refers to the ability to conduct financial transactions (including, but not exclusively, the ability to purchase goods or services) through a wireless Internet-enabled device (Barnes, 2002a; Scornavacca and Barnes, 2006). Integration with Marketing Mix Integration with Marketing Mix is the key to success. It Deliver consistent brand value/image. And gives a fresh element on companies promotion mix. According to mobile data association in UK, almost 94% of SMS received are read. And around 36% users admit that they are likely to purchase products. (Karjaluoto et al. 2004) Complexity of the technology enables to acquire the mobile data services by users. New learning methods enabling consumers to bridge the gap between the advanced technology and user interface. Solving the problems and adding value in everyday life. Opportunities Threats Untapped Customer Segments. Growing Popularity of Wireless Broadband.Limited Use of PC-Based Internet Services (3rd screen) are the key opportunities for the mobile marketing. There are many threats attached to it too. Regulatory Interference can be a hurdle. Continued Pressure on Revenue as it is a long time process. Cost of New Investments Eroding Data Services Profitability and Competition From Carriers and Other Service Providers. Portability An important benefit of a mobile device to consumers is its ultra small size and the ease with which it can be carried (Balasubramanian et al. 2002). A mobile device is not only portable, but because it fits in a hand, it is a constant companion to the user and is used on a continuous basis. This property makes it easier for marketers to quickly communicate with the user at any point in time, but the small screen size does not allow information-intensive messages to be delivered. Post-purchase behavior Research shows that after controlling for selection, online customers are more loyal than offline customers, so migrating customers from offline to online could enhance customer loyalty (Shankar, Smith, and Rangaswamy 2003) Acceptance of Mobile Marketing Acceptance of mobile marketing across two global markets. Drawing upon technology acceptance and uses and gratifications theories, we develop and estimate a conceptual model of the influences of antecedent factors (including risk acceptance related to the mobile platform and personal attachment related to mobile devices) on behavioral intent related to mobile marketing practice. We further propose that the above relationships are mediated by activities that consumers engage in such as downloading, forwarding content and registering with firms. Focusing on youth consumers, we empirically test the model using data collected in both an established (U.S.) and an emerging market (Pakistan). Findings across these two markets reflect cross-market similarities and differences related to consumer acceptance factors. (F. Sultan et al.(2009)) Mobile marketing research Mobile marketing is a new technology. This is successful because it is a two way communication unlikely to the traditional research process. It involves active audience which is interactive, not passive. And researches gets a rapid feedback. In many countries, social, cultural and political issues are discussed with the general population. Like in India, IDEA mobile company launched and advertisement showing the use of polling through mobile where the youth can express their own views to government. Short Messaging Services Innovation creates marketing opportunities and challenges. Mobile media, for example, transcend traditional communication and support one-toone, many-to-many and mass communication. The most popular mobile application, referred to as text messaging in the UK or Short Message Service (SMS) in most other countries, attracted 580 million users who sent 431 billion messages in 2002. In the first quarter of 2004 users sent 135 billion SMS messages and predictions are that 94.9 million mobile commerce users in 2003 will grow to 1.67 billion users by 2008. SMS will account for the bulk of mobile telephone companys revenues from data services until 2006. This high diffusion of SMS facilitates analyzing usage behavior and hints at the commercial potential of future communication services. Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), for example, will build on the success of SMS but allow for richer content based on similar asynchronous, digital and interactive communication. (A. Scharl et al. (2005)) Mobile shopping In interviews with more than 100 Japanese and foreign firms between 2000 and 2005, the author investigated the impact of a number of technological trajectories on mobile shopping applications that are suggested to be promising ones based on the behavior of lead users. Push-based Internet mail and other key services that are not yet available inWestern markets were the initial drivers of the market for mobile shopping in Japan between 2001 and 2003. Currently, the fastest growing market for mobile shopping in Japan involves the integration of mobile sites with other media such as magazines and radio and television programs where these other media compensate for the small screens of mobile phones. This paper forecasts the impact of improvements along a number of technological trajectories on the integration of mobile sites with other media. (J.L. Funk. (2007)) A mobile device is not a standard personal computer. It is a frequently used, location-sensitive device with very limited visual space. A mobile message will be most effective if it is brief, memorable, and well-coordinated with time and the users location. The rapidly changing technology can be a flaw. Simply transporting a companys Internet marketing strategy to mobile marketing strategy could be a recipe for failure. The impact of culture in international e-commerce. The Internet The Internet (or World Wide Web) is a network of computers providing access to information from around the world. Many businesses and government agencies have set up Internet sites (websites) providing information on their business. (Department of Trade and Economic Development) E-Commerce E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is a form of business operation in which the parties interact over computer, mails over the Internet rather than by physical exchange or conduct. (Department of Trade and Economic Development) What is E-commerce: V. Zwass [127, p. 3] defines e-commerce as â€Å"the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks.† Treese and Stewart [112, p. 5] define e-commerce as â€Å"the use of the global Internet for purchase and sale of goods and services, including services and support after the sale.† Kalakota and Whinston [61, p. 3] define e-commerce as â€Å"the delivery of information, products/services, or payments via telephone lines, computer networks or any other means.† They do not limit their coverage to just Internetbased means. Kauffman and Walden [67, p. 3] emphasize â€Å"the Internet as a medium for enabling end-to-end business transactions.† Their definition â€Å"applies equally well in dotcom [and] Internet-only business settings, as well as more traditional business settings where the new channel of the Internet is being used alongside existing channels.† The main business uses of the Internet E-commerce allows consumers and customers the ability to buy, sell and advertise products and/or services. It is a tool to interact businesses and customers around the globe. It is useful for companies to promote product and services through different means like brochures, manuals, product updates, and websites e.t.c. E-commerce arguably has a potential to add a higher value to businesses and consumers in developing countries than in developed countries. Yet most developing country-based enterprises have failed to reap the benefits offered by modern information and communications technologies Barriers to e-commerce in developing countries Economic and sociopolitical factors focus primarily on the environmental characteristics, the cognitive component reflects organizational and individual behaviors. Arguably, for the initial adoption of e-commerce in developing countries, the cognitive component plays a more prominent role. As organizations assimilate sophisticated e-commerce practices, environmental factors play more critical roles Economic Barriers In under-developing countries, lack of electrical supply is a big barrier for e-commerce as all the devices included in a transaction, runs on electricity. Lack of purchasing power is also one of the biggest. As people hardly have money to make their livings. Resulting in a low percentage of people having access to Internet. Manufacturing companies of Information and Communication Technology products focus on large distributors often located in developed countries for achieving high sales and they dont focus to the under developing countries. This is another problem with the e-commerce industry. Credit cards is a key factor for completing the deals over internet for making the payments. In Asian Countries, 34-40% of the financial transactions are being made in form of cash. Other systems are underdeveloped such as online banking is not popular. (N. Kshetri, (2007)) Socio-politic Barriers In Asian countries, personal relationships are important in businesses while anonymous online relationships are considered as threaten established interpersonal networks. As well as people prefer to deal face-to-face are preferred over business deals made through e-mails and internet. Political factors are not implied and they lack law legislation and the electronic signatures. Cognitive barriers Cognitive barriers are more serious than other categories of barriers in developing countries. Consumers lack of awareness and knowledge of benefits involved in ecommerce and their lack of trust in service providers have also hold back the growth of e-commerce. Latin America, experience a low rate of credit card is an attributed to the â€Å"lack of trust in than lack of access to† the credit card system. E-commerce and mobile Internet has been expanded substantially by a new generation of mobile devices, opening the door for rapid growth of mobile-commerce. While the traditional PC access to the Internet continues to be vital for exploiting the advantages of the Internet, the mobile access appears to attract more people because of flexible accesses to the Internet in a ubiquitous manner. Accordingly, e-commerce is now in the process of being converted into m-commerce. The purpose of this paper is to develop and analyze a mathematical model for comparing e-commerce via the traditional PC access only with m-commerce which accommodates both the traditional PC access and the mobile access. The distribution of the number of products purchased by time and the distribution of the time required for selling K products are derived explicitly, enabling one to assess the impact of mobile devices on e-businesses. (U. Sumita, J. Yoshii, (2009)) The global marketing use internet which ‘enables firms to leap-frog the conventional stages, as it removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishment of virtual branches throughout the world, and allows direct and immediate foreign market entry to the smallest of businesses (Bennett, 1997, p. 327). The Internet is creating a unique global marketplace that has the potential to change profoundly the way international business is conceptualised and configured (Srirojanant and Thirkell, 1999; Bennett, 1997; Kedia and Harveston, 1999). The rapid commercialization of the Internet calls into question many of the fundamental tenets of international business (Hamill and Gregory, 1997, p. 9). DEVELOPING INTERNET E-COMMERCE BENCHMARKS Benchmark is a standard for measuring and comparing the performance of like systems. For new product makers, a benchmark can provide important statistical information so products can be tine-tuned before their deployment. For end users, on the other hand, a benchmark can be used to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different products so that an informed decision can be made about system adoption. Benchmarks aid in estimations of scalability in terms of the number of users and/or transactions that a system can support, and system response times under various loads and hardware/software deployment platforms. Needs of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and big business and we motivate the need for a benchmark suite for e-commerce. (DAWN JUTLA et 1999) The Internet has altered international business development. The ways in which e-commerce continue to evolve. It makes sure that any statute changes they make can deal with future developments, even if these appear somewhat nebulous at present. It really depends on ones stand point as to whether e-commerce is seen as being or producing something new, which requires separate tax regulations. In terms of theoretical considerations, the current situation must be regarded as unsatisfactory. (J.F.Hughes, K.Glaister (2001)

Does Credentialing Produce Effective Teachers? :: Education Educational Essays

Does Credentialing Produce Effective Teachers? Controversy regarding the relationship between the competence of teachers and the performance of their students causes some people to believe that the qualifications of teachers have no direct effect on their ability to teach efficiently. Others believe that poor student performance is directly caused by the teacher's lack of preparation. Thus the question: is teachers’ lack of preparation contributing to poor student performance on standardized achievement tests? This review contains information regarding teacher credentialing: what is a teacher credential, how is a multiple-subject credential obtained in California, emergency credentials, teacher credentialing is related to student performance, and teacher credentialing is not related to student performance. What is a teaching credential? Teacher credentialing is a process in which teachers become recognized by the state as competent and professional in teaching. There are many different types of credentials, a primary one being a multiple subject credential. According to Dr. Ruth Norton, a professor of education at Cal State San Bernardino, a multiple subject credential allows a teacher to teach all subjects in a self-contained classroom in grades K-12. In California, the multiple subject credential generally applies to grades K-6 because of the structure of the school systems; grades 7-12 generally emphasize single-subject credentials. How is a multiple subject credential obtained in California? In speaking with Jason Moore, an advisor at CSUSB PALS office, to obtain a multiple subject credential in California it is required to have a baccalaureate degree from a four-year university, passed the California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) during their junior or senior year, and participate in a fifth year credential program. Currently, in the extended credential program, the Reading Instruction Competency Assessment (RICA) test is required and as of September 2000, the Math Instruction Competency Assessment (MICA) will also be required. It should be noted that California is the only state that requires the fifth year credential program. In addition, the state of California has a list of competencies of what every teacher should possess to be effective: creating and maintaining effective environments, planning instruction and designing a learning experience for all students, engaging and supporting all students in learning, understanding and organizing subject matter for student learning, assessing student learning, and developing as a professional educator. Emergency Credentials

Auction system

Placement Manager paper work. If any student got call for Interview placement manager has to inform to the student. In order to avoid manual problem we are design existing system as online Training and Placement system, so the what ever the information placement manager has to pass to the student he/she can inform online.All the resume send by the student which can be maintain in the database and if any interview call placement manager got he/she can inform through mail to every student. 1. 2 Scope This system can be used as an application for the TOP of the college to manage the student information with regards to placement. Students logging should be able to upload their information in the form of a C.V.. Visitors/Company representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students. It provides an only online platform to fill upload their information in the form of a C.V..Visitors/Company representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students. Online Training And Placement : Online Training and Placement project is aimed at developing an online application for the Training and Placement Dept. Of the college. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided. Functional components of the project: Following is a list of functionalities of the system. More functionality that you find appropriate can be added to this list.And, in places where the description of nationality is not adequate, you can make appropriate assumptions and proceed. A person should be able to -Access/ Search C.v./information from the first page (only read access). -login to the into the system – Upload his/her C.V.. – See/change his/her details. – Get help about the application on how to use the different features of the system. An admit login should be present who can read as well as remove any uploads. Preferably it should be given to the TOP. Software Requirements: – Operating System

Project Implict Essay Example

Project Implict Essay Example Project Implict Essay Project Implict Essay COWLEY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Project Implicit Hidden Biases 11/15/2013 Unbiased: not having or showing an unfair tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. , are better than others : not biased 1: free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair 2: having an expected value equal toa population parameter being estimated (Webster) Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Your willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. (Project Implict) Learning about your hidden biases help you discover what things you may not be comfortable with. Hidden biases and prejudices can open up surprisingly influential underpinnings to all the decisions we can make in the future. Its important to discover and uncover your hidden biases so they can be overcome. I feel there are important steps to take to overcome biases so you can become a better eader in general. Leaders are aware that the unknown haunts every decision. Leaders are not paralyzed by the unknown. They are energized by decision-making opportunities, and, at the same time, they are humbled to be decision makers to be difference makers. Gerome) After reading this statement I really think these great leaders took the initiative to discover all hidden biases and have overcome them with strength. To be a good leader, it is imperative that you overcome the biases that haunt your past so you can make good decisions for the future. A good way to nitially uncover some unconscious and hidden biases is to take Project implicit Hidden Bias Test. Its a series of fourteen tests that determine if there may be some hidden biases. After completing these fourteen tests myself I was completely stunned, I dont Know IT 1 1 eve rytnlng I was seeing, out It was aennltely an eye opener. People of similar thinking often pool together, like raindrops that make a puddle. I feel like some of the people close to me have some of these ways of thinking, and it was almost instilled in the way I think, even if I covered it up and truly didnt think I felt this way. Bias and prejudice often have been something someone has told you, or that you heard. Theyre not always an original thought but one you have picked up. It may have been adopted recently, or a long time ago, and the older it is, the trickier it may be to overcome its influence. Scientific research has demonstrated that biases thought to be absent or extinguished remain as mental residue in most of us. (Edited by George AP) Every day we make decisions, leaders or not leaders. Some are small, domestic, and innocuous. Others are more important, affecting peoples lives, livelihoods, and well-being. How we make these decisions can depend on our bias. Decisions can be made quick, and unconscious , thats where the problem can come in. When you have hidden biases that havent been discovered furthermore, hasnt been overcome these inappropriate decisions as a leader can cause a lot of problems down the road. Biases such as gender perceptions can cause a lot of hardships in the workplace. If one gender is favored over the other, the one being favored isnt going to be as motivated to be a team player or comply to expectations and can hurt the company a lot. After completing the Gender Career IAT (Implicit Association Test) my data suggested a light association with career and female with family compared to female with career and male with family. I dont know if I was truly surprised with the results. I personally do work as a female and have had leadership roles in the workplace. Growing up, my dad worked 5-7 days a week; while my mom worked as a professor, but only worked minimal hours a week and took care of us. I do work but spend a lot of my time at home taking care of the kids and house duties. Some people are much more inclined to be assertive and lead than others and that is not gender specific. To be a good leader, you have to be a good team player, and nor is that gender specific. Qualified, hardworking Americans are denied Job opportunities, fired or otherwise discriminated against Just because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or their gender in general. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on what sexual orientation or gender of the employees. The act provides basic protections against workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender dentity. Ann-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. Ann-racism is intended to promote an egalitarian society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race, but defined society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race. After taking the African American European American IAT my data suggested a slight automatic preference for European Americans to African Americans. This did and didnt surprise me. I was raised in a predominantly white society. My school idnt have very many multicultural peers, nor did my neighborhood. Now that Im older some of my best friends are African American. The election of our first African American president has sparked debate over how far we have come as a nation on Issues 0T race. t I Is one against tne law to nlre Oue to race, gender, or many otner spectacles. After stepping back and really analyzing my results, and previous Jobs, I dont think that I showed any preference for one race to another. I hired accordingly, and the opportunity for any race was equal. To be a good leader, you must be equal to all people. People are much more willing to give of themselves when they feel that their selves are being fully recognized and embraced stated the CEO of Apple. Embracing peoples individuality is a basic human dignity and civil right. It also turns out to be great for the creativity that helps many businesses. When people feel valued for who they are, they have the comfort and confidence to do the best work of their lives. To be a good leader, and run a company your employees have to be motivated to make it to the top. I understand people are different and have different ways of looking at situations and making decisions. I believe there are some aspects of leadership that everyone should take into consideration when leading a group of people. Leaders should never show favoritism. Being a leader means giving praise to everyone. Motivation is the key to the success of an organization. If a leader gives special privileges to some people and not to others, then the leader loses the respect of some people who could play a vital role in an organization. After taking all of the ATs I realize how I do have hidden biases, that I never realized existed, and have a lot to work on if I want to become a successful leader. Leaders should try to remain unbiased to make good decisions for the organization as a whole. Unbiased leadership is the most respected. People look up to those who lead because they want what is best for the organization, not their own personal life. Being in a leadership position sometimes means making unpopular decisions to better the organization. Leaders who make decisions based on their personal opinions or to benefit themselves are not truly leaders. Biased leaders need to grow up and take responsibility for their organizations because the decisions they make affect more eople than Just themselves. A good leader has many defining characteristics. Qualities of an effective leader include active listening, decisiveness, and the ability to inspire others to own a shared vision of the future. To be inclusive means to include and respect all views, not Just those that feed one particular standpoint. It is challenging to be unbiased, and we all have lenses through which our worldviews are filtered. However, an extraordinary leader cannot afford to be biased. Edited by George AP, C. S. (n. d. ). how to overcome unconcious and hidden bias. Retrieved Novemeber 16, 2013, from wikihow: wikihow. com/overcome- Unconscious-and-Hidden-Biases Jerome, D. (n. d. ). Dr. Jerome Stewarts Blog . Retrieved 2013 16, November , from Leadership and hindsight bias: http:// drJstewart. wordpress. com/2013/10/20/1eadership-and-hindsight-bias/ Project Implict. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 15, 2013, from Teaching Tolerance: http:// www. tolerance. org/supplement/test-yourself-hidden-bias Webster, M. (n. d. ). unbiased. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from Merrian Webster: merriam- webster. com/dictionary/unbiased

The Impact of Globalisation on Singapore essays

The Impact of Globalisation on Singapore essays Singapore is the economic, financial and technological capital of South-East Asia. Its free market economy and excellent international trading links ranks Singapore as the 5th highest GDP per capita in the world. Indeed the whole of Singapores economy is export driven, specialising in manufacturing and the service sectors as well as electronics, industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical products. Singaporeans enjoy one of the highest living standards in South-East Asia. Being one of four Asian NICs, it has sustained an average GDP growth of 10% within the last ten years, except during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-98 and also the recent global economic downturn in 2000-2002. The key to Singapores past success lies in its willingness to open to the world market. International trade in Singapore is equivalent to 300% of its yearly GDP and manufacturing sector FDI alone currently accounts for 70% of total investment. For many decades, the open market ideals adopted by the Singaporean government has changed Singapore into the hub of financial, labour and capital investment. This is an example of globalisation in its best state. While people often look negatively towards globalisation, Singapore has shown with the right management and planning, globalisation can be used effectively as a strategy in promoting a healthy and strong economy. The Singapore economy is unique in that it is heavily dependent on exports and imports and high FDI levels in order to achieve sustainable growth. Due to the small size of its domestic market, external factors will remain undoubtedly as the key determinant in its economic outlook. In a volatile global market, Singapores main challenge is to sustain strong long-term growth and dampen cyclical fluctuations. It embraced globalisation as a strategy to promote economic development. To date more than 5000 multi-national corporations (MNC) have operations within Singapore. Not only is Singap...

Design innovation in pakistan textile Literature review

Design innovation in pakistan textile - Literature review Example The university is committed to interdisciplinary and modern teaching. Its dedication towards diversity is essential an environment where learners, teachers, faculty in addition to other shareholders are exposed to manifold opportunities for personal, intellectual and professional growth. This university which is located in Quetta enrolls 1000 in a single semester. It received its charter on 18th July 2002 and is intended to be one of the best educators in Systems and Management attracting students from across the nation. It is currently offering bachelor and master degrees in Business Administration, Computer Science and Engineering as well as post-graduate diploma in Computer Science. Hajvery University (HU) is a government University whose motto is unveiling the veiled. It is a recognized institute of higher education started in Lahore Pakistan and is licensed by the Pakistan government as an Autonomous Degree awarding Institute. The institute has further started an addition of three campuses in Pakistan and the fourth one is under way in Dubai. It is recognized across the world through associations letting learners and staffs have the advantage of replacing agreements with more than 35 universities. The university enrolls 3,000-3,999 per year and has an exceptional employment records in Pakistan. Beaconhouse National University seeks to offer learners with an immense selection of course and degrees to select from, as per their career interests and personality character. Additionally, it offers broad-based learning whereby learners are exposed to different subject so that to get a better professional understanding of world, therefore preparing student for life opportunities as well as challenges. BNU is a government chartered university having been established in 2003 for bringing education with contemporary, rational,

Principle of consideration Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principle of consideration - Article Example But why it is too simplistic to assume if there is consideration present a promise is enforceable by examining different facets of consideration within the above context. Sir Frederick Pollock defined consideration as 'An act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable."1 This definition was rightly adopted by Lord Dunedin in Dunlop v Selfridge Ltd (1915) 2 Dunlop had sold tyres to Dew Ltd on condition that their (latter's) agents should not sell below the listed price of Dunlop. But Selfridge Ltd who had purchased tyres from Dew Ltd sold below the listed price. In this case of suing of Selfridge by Dunlop decided by House Lords in appeal, it was held that privity of contract was essential. And what determined privity in this case was consideration. As there was no consideration moved between the said parties, there was no contract between them and therefore Selfridge was not liable to Dunlop Even earlier to Dunlop case, principle of consideration was established in Currie v Misa (1875)3 wherein Misa issued cheque to Lizardi or bearer. As the cheque was dishonoured, the bearer Currie brought action on Lisa. It was held the bearer Currie even as a holder for value is not entitled to sue Misa as there was no consideration between them. The following are the rules of consideration. a) Consideration must be present in a promise and must have moved from the the promisee. In Tweedle v Atkinson (1861)4, it was held that the person entitled to sue is he who gives consideration. It follows also that gift is not a contract. b) Consideration must have some value. Hence natural love and affection or performance of a moral duty will not be used to enforce a promise. This was decided in White v Bluett(1853)5 wherein it was held that a son's promise not to complain to his father as to how his properties are distributed among his children in return for the father's promise not sue his son for the debts owed to him, can not be good consideration. "Judge Pollock held that the son had not provided good consideration as he had no legal right to complain. Thus, in promising not to complain, the son did not forbear or give up anything of value in exchange for his father's promise." (Barbara Lisa)6 c) Consideration need not be adequate. In Chappel and Co v Nestle7, it was decided that consideration of 1s 6 d with three wrappers of chocolates Nestle had offered was a sufficient consideration for the gramophone records offered in return. d) Consideration may be executory or executed but past consideration can not enforce a promise. A consideration already provided before promise was made is past consideration